[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: An update].

Rev Med Interne 2026 May 05. [Online ahead of print]RM

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis and remains a major cause of hospitalization and mortality. Early diagnosis is essential and relies on ascitic fluid analysis showing a polymorphonuclear neutrophil count greater than 250/mm[3]. Prompt initiation of antibiotic therapy combined with albumin infusion has markedly improved patient outcomes, leading to a significant reduction in mortality since the condition was first described. The aim of this review is to provide an updated synthesis of best practices in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, considering recent changes in bacterial epidemiology.